Assessing the Use of Activated Press Mud in Strength of Low Grade Concrete

Abstract

Low grade concrete use in Uganda has led to structural deficiencies due to poor cement quality and mix ratios. This study evaluates the potential of Activated Press Mud (APM) to enhance concrete strength. APM, obtained by firing press mud at 600oC-800oC was analysed using X-Ray Fluorescence, loss of ignition, Chappelle tests for chemical properties, and specific gravity, particle size distribution, water absorption tests for physical properties. With 86.005% alumina, silica and iron content, it exceeds the minimum pozzolanic requirement for supplementary cementitious materials. Replacing 15% of cement with APM improves concrete strength which increases the compressive strength by 44% and optimizing slump at 45mm and 21.4MPa. Though APM enhances performance, its low pozzolanic reactivity suggests additional treatments or blending. Long term durability assessments are necessary to evaluate resistance to chemical attacks and freeze-thaw conditions. To address workability issues, particle size optimization and admixtures is crucial. Environmental and economic evaluations should guide sustainable implementation, with further research refining processing techniques for practical construction applications.